Flags

Flags and Standards

From the earliest days of Guiding, respect for the national flag and what it stood for was considered a key part of Guiding, and Guides were encouraged to be patriotic. Making a Union Flag was one of the early challenges. Many units saved hard to raise the money to buy a national flag of their own mounted on a pole to carry in parades, and would also seek to obtain one which was ‘roped and toggled’ so it could be hoisted in camp – and often, only once that was achieved would they seek to get a unit ‘carrying’ flag of their own with their unit name and First Class Badge on it. In those days, the recognised National flag for Guiding purposes was the Union Flag, not the flag of the individual UK nation. Unit Flags could be supplied either plain, or ‘lettered’ – with the unit’s official name printed on the flag at so much per letter (it paid to have a short name!) Then as now, flag holsters were also available, to assist with carrying the weight of the flag, especially in inclement weather.

Once the flag was obtained, before it’s first public outing it would be ‘dedicated’, in a ceremony, often a religious ceremony carried out by clergy. Forms of wording for the ceremony were supplied at different times.

Many also bought Union Flags to fly in their hall during meetings, and from an improvised flagpole at camp, where it would be unfurled by the colour party with due ceremony.

Besides this, each Patrol Leader was expected to make a pennant-style flag to fit onto her Guide stave, of white fabric with the Patrol badge on both sides, as shown in the picture – this would usually have been embroidered, not a difficulty in an era where all girls were expected to learn both plain and decorative sewing, although some hand-painted ones have been seen. Later, printed ones were available from headquarters and other official suppliers. (Although Patrol Flags were available into the 1950s, and weren’t finally withdrawn from PL uniform until the 1960s, staves tended not to be regularly carried outside the hall given, for instance, that they weren’t convenient on public transport – hence Patrol Flags were not often seen after the 1930s, if not earlier.)

Once the Unit or Union flag was obtained, great pains were taken to brush up the unit’s Company Drill to ensure their flag was treated with all due respect – army drill manuals were consulted, and soon Guiding drill manuals were being published to cope with the demand for clear instructions on the ceremonial which ought to be used, for both general drill, and for using flags at Promise ceremonies and on parades. At camp the flag would be raised with due ceremony upon arrival – and pre-WW1 would then be ‘guarded’ throughout the camp, with Guides taking turns to collect rations and station themselves around the perimeter of the campsite on ‘sentry-go’ – both day and night. By 1914 sentries were largely done away with, and instead the flag was raised each morning, and lowered at or by sundown and then put in a place of safety such as the mess tent – the flag would also be lowered if the entire unit were leaving the site to go on an outing, rather than leave the flag ‘unguarded’. The evening flag-lowering ceremony would usually be a time when ‘Taps’ was either sounded on a bugle, or sung, and if the unit held a “Guides’ Own” act of worship this might be held around the flagpole too.

Union Flags usually had a ‘spike’ as a flag finial. Unit flags were traditionally fitted with a trefoil finial – plain brass for Guide units, with enamelled finials being introduced for Land, Sea and Air Ranger units, and also for Extension units. The style and design of the finials varied over the years, so can give a clue to dating (however, given how durable and ripe for re-using the solid brass trefoils were, and the cost of buying them new, the finial alone cannot be relied on as a source of dating a flag!). The finial on the left is from a Sea Ranger flag.

Some ‘carrying’ flags had a set of tasselled cords which hung from just below the finial – usually in blue and yellow on unit’s World Flags, and in red, white and blue on Union Flags – but not all flags sport these.

The first recognised design for unit flags was established by the early 1920s, and took the form of a rectangular navy flag, with the ‘first class badge’ printed in the middle, and the unit’s official registered name in printed white lettering arranged either in straight lines above or in an arc around the top of the logo – I have seen both styles. It was mounted on a wooden pole with brass fittings, the finial usually having a brass trefoil. The trefoil finial for Guides was not enamelled, that for (Land) Rangers had red enamel infill, and that for Sea Guides/Sea Rangers had navy blue enamel infill. Equally, the First Class badge in the centre was in the appropriate colour for the section, the Guide unit flags having a green trefoil and the Land Rangers a red trefoil. The Sea Rangers may have had a blue trefoil?

Patrol Flags were made in a pennant-style shape, and each Patrol Leader was originally expected to make her own. The flags featured the Patrol badge on each side, usually either painted, embroidered or appliqued onto the flag, as the Patrol Leader chose. Before long, commercially-made embroidered or printed flags were available from trading and from suppliers, such as the one shown. The Patrol Flags were made with a sleeve, so they could be mounted on the Patrol Leader’s stave when in parades or on hikes, as one of the PL’s distinguishing marks, but could be removed when the stave was being used practically, or the flags were being used for a ‘flag raiding’ game.

From the mid-1930s onwards, a new design was produced for Guide unit flags – gone was the First Class badge, as now in the UK the new World Badge was the basis for the company flag design. Instead of being on navy fabric, the new flags were on a mid-blue shade, with the trefoil appliqued on in yellow, and yellow lettering in the centre along the top, with the flag design being the same for all Guide and Ranger units other than the colour of the applique trefoil. The base of the trefoil was almost banana-shaped. The lettering seems to have been in a curved shape in most cases.

In the case of Land Rangers, the central flag trefoil was shown in red, as seen in the flag on the left.

The trefoil finials still had coloured enamel for the Rangers sections, in Red for Land Rangers, Navy Blue for Sea Rangers, and Light Blue for Air Rangers – although I have seen a hand-painted trefoil in Cadet colours too, which may be a local adaptation of a Guide finial. There was the option of having lettering added to the flag – this was sewn on, with a charge per letter – some units opted not to have lettering, though most opted for a lettered flag if they could afford to.

From c1939, the design of flag for Sea Rangers changed – instead of having a standard World Flag as for the other sections, they had the option of having a ‘burgee’ – a rectangular flag with a swallow-tail, with each quarter being designed to show the symbolism of the Crew. Designs had to be approved by the relevant flag authorities in England/Scotland, and had to be consistent with the rules of heraldry in the particular country.

The style of the appliqued Trefoil in the centre of the flag now changed, with the shape at the bottom of the trefoil changing to a “heraldic feu” sometime in the late 1930s-mid 1940s, but the basic design of Guide flags otherwise remained unchanged until the mid 1990s. Lettering was usually straight across at the top of the flag, unless it was necessary to curve it in order to get all the lettering in, in the case of a longer name. The price was still per letter, and reached £3 per letter, penalising those with longer unit names!

From 1968 onwards, the separate enamelled flag trefoils were dropped, and the options were plain brass for Guide units, and aqua enamel for Ranger units. Until recently . . .

In the mid-1990s the design of the World Flag changed, and in due course so too did the design of unit flags. Instead of having lettering on the top edge, it now appeared to one side, at the fly end. And rather than being appliqued on both sides of the flag, the design was printed, on one side of the flag only. Finials, too, were altered to feature the new Guiding trefoil design.

In 2014, Guiding moved from using the World Flag as the basis for Unit Flags, and the traditional bunting fabric to a new printed style incorporating the new Girlguiding UK branding on an artificial, silky fabric. The result was a flag which was lighter, and which dried quicker after exposure to inclement weather. As a printed flag, it was also more economical to produce and purchase than a flag with individually-applied appliqued lettering.

With the new design of World Flags for unit flags in the 1990s, there was also a change in the Finial Trefoil design, which was now enamelled to match the Promise badge – and was available with a choice of the trefoil being one-sided, or enamelled on both sides, as shown.

As well as the official designs for Unit Flags, other designs can be seen in some areas, sometimes designed to resemble the official designs, sometimes home-made designs such as the one shown which dates from c1932, but is not of the standard design – not on a blue ground, but on green silk, with a mixture of applique and embroidered decoration. This flag was in use for many years right up until the late 1980s for outdoor parades, and following damage incurred on a parade in stormy weather it was used indoors-only up to 2010, when it was fully retired. This picture was taken shortly before it was sent for professional conservation – this has been done, and it is now kept cased and on display.

Particularly post-1968, Ranger units have been encouraged to design and make their own unit flags, showing symbolism from their unit and the geographical area it covers (which in itself is a useful means to encouraging an interest in local history). Although the designs have to be passed by the relevant heraldry authorities in either England or Scotland, and there are strict rules regarding the symbolism, the colour combinations, and the designs which can be incorporated, this has given a lot of scope for original design. The sewing skills in turning the design into a flag, too, serve to develop a range of skills and dedication to turn the initial design into reality.

But it wasn’t just Unit Flags – soon, with the encouragement of leading figures within Guiding such as Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth, Counties were arranging to get banners designed and made – and banners were also made for important figures such as the Chief Guide and the national Chief Commissioners in the UK. These were usually made in banner form, designed to be carried at formal occasions, and featured complex hand-embroidered or appliqued designs full of symbolism. Although normally a Trefoil finial was used, on some banners other finials can be seen, such as that for County of the City of Edinburgh Guides, which has a carved wooden figure of St Andrew, Patron Saint of Scotland.

Prior to 1982, Brownie units were not permitted to have or carry flags, but instead carried ‘Pennants’ – a triangle of brown leather mounted on a short pole around a foot long. The Brownie badge and the unit’s name printed in golden yellow on each side. These had been introduced in the 1950s to meet demand – prior to that it had been considered that the Guide Company’s flag served to represent any Brownie unit bearing the same unit number also.

In the early years, where Guide Patrol Leaders carried Patrol Flags, Brownie Sixers carried ‘wands’ – a short fine rod, with a cut-out of the Six emblem mounted on top. However these were only used within the unit (it’s not clear how widely or how often) and not at public events.

It was in 1982 that the first Brownie Flags were introduced. They were made of thin woven brown cloth, with the Brownie badge appliqued in yellow, and the unit’s name appliqued in yellow lettering underneath – these were sewn on both sides. The three-section elastic-jointed pole was of hollow bronzed lightweight metal rather than solid wood, and it had a turned wooden finial in dark varnished wood. A special leather carrying holster was also available, to assist with carrying it in parades.

When the Brownie Promise Badge changed in the 1990s, the design of the Brownie flag altered to reflect this, with a new-style trefoil being appliqued. These continued to be the standard design until 2014.

New flag designs were introduced in 2014, to match the new branding – and alongside the yellow Brownie flag, the blue Guide flag and the aqua Ranger flag – for the first time Rainbows were allowed to have and carry a unit flag. For Rainbows there was a choice of whether to have a traditional single-pole flag as shown in this picture, or a banner with poles at either end, the poles for Rainbow flags being the same lightweight metal as for Brownie flags. The flags for other sections were traditional single-pole style.

At the same time, the flags for the other sections were changed to a similar design. This meant that instead of a brown flag, Brownies now had a yellow flag.

Guide flags changed too – no longer based on the World Flag, then were now printed on mid blue with red lettering.

Rangers had their own distinctive flag too, printed on an aqua-coloured background. With these new-style flags being printed rather than appliqued, the days of paying £3 per letter in the unit name had ended, to the relief of many units with longer names – it was no fun buying a flag for the umpteenth City of Edinburgh when the lettering alone cost £54!

There is still scope for hand-made unit flags to be created, and many units still seek to do so. Whenever a unit is considering creating a new unit flag, they should start by seeking advice from the College of Heralds (for those in England, Wales and Northern Ireland) or the Court of the Lord Lyon (for those in Scotland) – both bodies can supply initial advice and information on designs, and on the relevant heraldry rules which need to be followed. Once a design has been drawn up, it should be submitted first to the Heraldry Adviser at CHQ, who will be able to assist with the finalising of the design, and give helpful suggestions on materials to use, permissions required, and other requirements.